Insular and occipital changes in visual snow syndrome: a BOLD fMRI and MRS study

ResultsWe found reduced BOLD responses to the visual stimulus with respect to baseline in VS patients compared to controls, in the left (k = 291; P = 0.025; peak MNI coordinate [-34 12 -6]) and right (k = 100; P = 0.003; peak MNI coordinate [44 14 -2]) anterior insula. Our spectroscopy analysis revealed a significant increase in lactate concentrations in patients with respect to controls (0.66 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs. 0.07 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P < 0.001) in the right lingual gyrus. In this area, there was a significant negative correlation between lactate concentrations and BOLD responses to visual stimulation (P = 0.004; r = −0.42), which was dependent on belonging to the patient group.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/acn3.50986?fbclid=IwAR3e5p3JGgl1mfwgbVOFrEe0y63oLpSrqYuQwgaWJnSE3HveG3Ek-CoTK4Q